Cooking range



Dec. 10, 1940.

J. L. BREESE COOKING RANGE Filed Jan. 7, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Zia Wnmf/ di??? yPatented Dec. 10, i940 UNITED STATES l 2,224,534 cooxlNG RANGE James L. Breese, Santa Fe, N. Mex., assignor to Oil Devices,` Santa Fe; N. Mex., a limited partnership of Illinois Application January '1, 193s, serial No. 183.857 2 claims. (ci. 12e-14) My invention relates to cooking ranges and more particularly to those of the type in which conducted heat is utilized to maintain a constant operative temperature in the range with the con- 6 sumption of a minimum amount of fuel.

1 One of the primary objects of my invention is to utilize the heat from a suitable burner unit so that a maximum temperature per unit of fuel is obtained in the desired parts of the range.

Another object of my invention is to provide a range of the above character with a cooking space or ov'en which is heated from a plurality of sides, whereby it attains a high temperature, the maxlmum amount o direct heat from the iire and l flue gases of a burner being utilized without using a revertible flue.

In conjunction Mwith this non-revertible flue feature I wish to point out its importance withV respect to hydro-carbon burners of the type herein disclosed. It is peculiary with fuel oils and the like that the combustion characteristic of the fuel is a function of the ratio of air to fuel.l If ythere is a deciency of air 'per unit of'liquidi'uel the latter continues to be totally consumed, but a heavy carbon residue is formed and the heat obtained is decreased, thus if the exhaust passages' i are revertible so that the free flow of products of combustion is inhibited, the inow of air to the combustion chamber is reduced with the re- 30.- sult that since the input of fuel oil remains con-l stant', carbon is formed due to the reduction of amount of the air supplied and the 'efdciency of the burner is detrimentally a'ected. For this' reason it is of considerable importance that the regulated amount of incoming air remain con'- stant under an even draft as compared `for instance to a coal burning unit wherein the combustion of the coal is in proportion to the amount of available air. 4 l

40g Another object of my invention is to provide a iheat conducting element for the oven which is so constructed andmounted that its surface attains a highenough temperature to broil and cook in addition to its oven heating ability.

Stillanother object of my invention is to provide a range whereinthe combustion chamber thereof is associated in a novel manner with the cooking elements of the stove to increase the efficiency of the latter.

Still another object of my invention is the provision of means to remove accumulated grease from the broiling or cooking element to a point outside of the high temperature zone of the range.

Still another object' of my invention is to provide a novel construction for securing a. waterback and the broiling element to the burner unit in a cheap, convenient and eiiicient manner. Still another object of my invention is' to provide a range wherein the radiant heat of combustlo'n is transformed into conducted heat aty coking temperatures. Still another object of my invention is to provide a range wherein the heat conducting elements for the oven are associated with those parts receiving heat directly from the burner unit, ina

manner to ymost eiilciently utilize such heatby conduction and to reduce the possibility of heat losses between the direct name and the elements which actually heat the oven.

Yet another object of my invention is to heat a maximum area. of the oven wall without the use of a revertible nue where soot may lodge. D

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a perspective of the range;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Fig". 1; l Flg.- 3 is a sectionalview takenon the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; r

Fig. 4 is 'a sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2; and Y Fig. 5 isa sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of g. 4. v is to be understood that the lembodiment shown herein is for illustrative purposes only and, may be modied and changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set out in the appended claims. N

Like parts are indicated by like symbols throughout the specification and drawings.

I illustrate a stove bodyor housing which may include outer wall portions I and inner wall portions 2, the space between being filled with any suitable -heat and cold insulating material such as rock wool, or the like. Any suitable supporting base 4 may be air contained or may be, if de- -sired,'wholly or, partially filledwith insulating material:f

Positioned within the stove bod`y-I` illustrate any suitable burner or heater unit herein indicated as a device for burning a liquid hydrocarbon. I illustrate for example an inner apertured wall' 5, 'an outer wall 6, an air conduit 'I adapte( to de'- li-ver air tothe space therebetween, and an oil' inlet 8. Th details of the burner unit do not of themselves form any part of the present inven` tion, but it will be understood that I may employ.

and herein show, a burner for liquid hydrocarbons from which constant effective combustion may be obtained at a relatively low. fuel input.

Asuitable cylindrical member or stack 9, the lower portion of which serves as a combustion chamber and the upper portion of which conducts flue gases away from the burner, extends.

upwardly of the burner and the hot nue gases flow upwardly through this member to a transverse passage I0, herein shown as having a lower wall II, and an upper wall I2 of substantially greater thickness. It will be noted Athat the upper wall I2 may be formed with a circumferential downwardly extending border flange I3, which may be received in any suitable backing I4 of a heat and cold insulating substance. 'l

The heated flue gases and the like flow through member 9 and passage I0 and are taken off by the upwardly extending flue I5. The wall I2 may be of metal of substantial thickness and of course, like the wall of the upper portion of member 9, is directly subjected to the generally constant fiow of heated gases therebeneath. A sui*- able aperture I6 may be provided having bottom flange I1 for retaining a hot plate I8 whereby access to the top of the chamber 9 may be had. The lower, combustion chamber portion of the member 9, as will be understood, attains a very high temperature due' to the existence of the open flameof the burner therein.

The space within the stove forms an oven which may be closed for example by any suitable door 20, this door preferably being double and including an interior 2| filled with rock Wool or any other suitable insulating substance, and havlng a suitable handle 22 for the manipulation thereof. Y

I illustrate the oven space Within the door as divided .in two parts by a horizontal intermediate heat conducting element 25, herein shown as a single casting having a portion 26.conforming to and engaging the exterior of the member 9 over a substantial area with heat conducting contact. The portion 26 may be secured to the member 9 by suitable bolts 21 the opposite ends of which are anchored in a waterback 28.

When the portion 26 of the heating element 25 and the waterback are .placed in position around the member 9 with the bolts 21 connecting them, it is merely necessary to. adjust these bolts to compress the stack between the heat conducting surfaces to obtain an efficient heat conducting junction between the wall of cylinder 9 and the waterback and portion 26 of the element 25. This waterback, like the portion 26, engages the member 9 with an eflicient heat conducting surface, consequently, when the burner is in operation the Waterback becomes heated by conduction of the radiant heat through the wall of member 9. It is contemplated that a water storage tank, not here shown, will be positioned remote from the range proper.- Suitable conduits 28a and 28h lead to and from the tank and connect with ducts 28e and 28d which extend through thewaterback. 'I'hus it will be seen that when the waterback becomes heated by conduction from themember 9,

water circulatingthrough the tank, conduits 28a and 28h and ducts 28e and 28d becomes heated and eventually the Waterin' saidvtank attains and is maintained at an elevated temperature.

It is desirable that the partition 25, portion 26 and waterback 28 be constructed, cast in the present embodiment, from a metal having efficient heat conducting qualities. In the case of the partition 25 I may, for example, employ an aluminum casting having radially extending fins 29. The result is that the radiant combustion heat and the heat of the flue gases not only heat the 'walls of the member 9 which are exposed to the oven spacebut also the castings 25-26 and 28. Thus heat is conducted by the member 25 throughout the .bottom of the upper oven space and throughout the top of the 'lower oven space. As the top of the upper oven space is formedv by the plate or wall II, it is also directly subjected to a heated surface from above. I provide preferably a second heat conveying plate 30, which may include a ange 3| which can be directly bolted to the plate II and which thus serves further to conduct heat about the upper oven area.

It will thus be evident that the entire oven spacel may be adequately and constantly heated as long as combustion is maintained within the pot 5. The upper oven space will be considerably hotter than the lower and may be employed as a searing or initial oven, while the lower space is satisfactory for lower temperature cooking. Furthermore, I nd that the element 25, being in heat conducting engagement with the chamber9 becomes very hot and is well adapted for searing and broiling meat and the like. Contact betweenture, it is desirable that some means be provided for removing the melted grease from contact with any part of the element 25 to prevent its burning, smoking, and imparting an objectionable avor to the meat. It will be readily understood that the efficiency of my improved range will be increased by securing another heat conducting element to the wall of chamber 9 orto the element 25, to radiate conducted heat from the back wall of the oven.

For removing the grease from the heated zone of the range there is disclosed herein a sump 25a at the lowest point of the edge of the element 25 and trough 34. A grease outlet located at the bottom of the sump connects with a pipe 25h which extends through the insulation and has its outlet over a receiving pan 25o hooked onto the outside of the range. This pipe having contact with the'element 25 is maintained at a sufiiciently high temperature to be free of residual, clogging grease at all times. `It will be understood that the grooves between the fins 29 and the trough 34 all slope to direct grease into the sump 25a. By the present construction I have provided a construction wherein the heating agency is at the lower surface of the meat and one in which the accumulated grease resulting from the cooking is carriedaway to prevent burning, smoking,

natural course of escapement, that is,- upwardly and transversely to the draft of the flue I5. This advantage is attained herein by first constructing the gas passage in a manner to efciently eliminate formation of carbon, then utilizing the combustion chamber wall and a maximum portion of the passage so constructed as oven wall and supplementing the heating function of the combustion chamber wall and this passage by providing heating elements as oven walls, these heating elements being connected as directly and efficiently as possible with the combustion chamber wall and the passage wall to reduce the possibility of heat losses between the burner flame and the portions of the heating elements in the oven space to a minimum,

It is to be noted that the main heating element 25 is connected to the stack 9 at a point which is in the vicinity of the flame and thus very hot. Furthermore it extends directly into the oven space and in such a manner that it heats both upper and lower ovenspaces, thus eliminating the use of a second burner to heat the two ovens.

Thus it will be seen that I have conducted the direct heat of the burner flame to a maximum portion of the oven wall below theburner but have allowed the combustion gases to continually rise. In order to further prevent heat losses, I may, if desirable, employ insulated hinged cover members 32, each one of which includes an outer shell 33 with a filling 34 of rock wool or the like, whereby heat losses from the stove member l2 may be prevented when the stove is not in use.

A practical employment of my cook stove is `to maintain at least a minimum .combustion in the fire pot 5 so that there is a constant upward iiow of the hot flue gases which heat the surfaces of the member 9 by radiation andsconduction, 'the lplate by conduction, theplate I l by conduction, and the plate I2 by conduction. When so employed, the stove is constantly ready for use.

As the fire pot type of liquid hydrocarbon burner is highly efficient and employs cheap fuel in relatively small quantities,it may actually be cheaper to keep the stove constantly heated than to let it go out. However, I may employ any suitable control means for the hydrocarbon passage 8 and may operate the stove intermittently or control it according to the desire of the user for the particular problem involved. In any event, the em- -ployment of a thoroughlyinsulated stove body and the prevention of heat losses by the employment of the hinged covers 32 together with the other features as above described, provides a stove which is highlyl efficient, which is .constantly ready for use, and which employs a minimum of fuel and therefore is av maximum economy.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as newand desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is: A

1. As an article of manufacture, a broilerplate unit for attachment in a range or the like by engagement in heat conducting relationship with a heated portion of the range, said unit being formed from a heat conducting material and having a cooking element and a mounting member, said mounting member including .an elemerit extending substantially normal to the cooking element and having an abutment Contact surface of substantially greater area than that of ,the cross sectionof said cooking element and shaped to conform to the configuration of the heated portion of the range to which it is attached, and means on said mounting member for securing a tight, heat conducting abutment en,- gagement between the surface of said mounting 'elementand the heated portion of the range.

2. As an article of manufacture, a broiler plate unit for attachment in a range or the like by engagement in heat conducting relationship with a heated portion of the range, said unit being formed from a heat conducting material `and having a cookingeler'nent and a mounting mem.- ber, said cooking element comprising a heatconducting plate having a peripheral groove,A said' groove being constructed to slope when the plate is in a substantially horizontal position, a .sump

at the lowermost point of the slope and an outlet in said sump for delivering away grease accumulated during the cooking process, said mounting member including an element extending substantially normal to the cooking element and having an abutment contact surface shaped to conform to the configuration of the heated portion of the range to which it is attached and means on said mounting member for securing a tight, heat conducting abutment engagement between the surface of said mounting'element and the surface of the heated 'portion of the range.

' JAMES L. BREESE. 

